Contents

• Contents
• 1. Introduction
  • 1.1 Notation
• 2. Lexical analysis
  • 2.1 Line structure
    • 2.1.1 Logical lines
    • 2.1.2 Physical lines
    • 2.1.3 Comments
    • 2.1.4 Explicit line joining
    • 2.1.5 Implicit line joining
    • 2.1.6 Blank lines
    • 2.1.7 Indentation
    • 2.1.8 Whitespace between tokens
  • 2.2 Other tokens
  • 2.3 Identifiers and keywords
    • 2.3.1 Keywords
    • 2.3.2 Reserved classes of identifiers
  • 2.4 Literals
    • 2.4.1 String literals
    • 2.4.2 String literal concatenation
    • 2.4.3 Numeric literals
    • 2.4.4 Integer and long integer literals
    • 2.4.5 Floating point literals
    • 2.4.6 Imaginary literals
  • 2.5 Operators
  • 2.6 Delimiters
• 3. Data model
  • 3.1 Objects, values and types
  • 3.2 The standard type hierarchy
  • 3.3 Special method names
    • 3.3.1 Basic customization
    • 3.3.2 Customizing attribute access
    • 3.3.3 Emulating callable objects
    • 3.3.4 Emulating sequence and mapping types
    • 3.3.5 Additional methods for emulation of sequence types
    • 3.3.6 Emulating numeric types
• 4. Execution model
  • 4.1 Code blocks, execution frames, and namespaces
  • 4.2 Exceptions
• 5. Expressions
  • 5.1 Arithmetic conversions
  • 5.2 Atoms
    • 5.2.1 Identifiers (Names)
    • 5.2.2 Literals
    • 5.2.3 Parenthesized forms
    • 5.2.4 List displays
    • 5.2.5 Dictionary displays
    • 5.2.6 String conversions
  • 5.3 Primaries
    • 5.3.1 Attribute references
    • 5.3.2 Subscriptions
    • 5.3.3 Slicings
    • 5.3.4 Calls
  • 5.4 The power operator
  • 5.5 Unary arithmetic operations
  • 5.6 Binary arithmetic operations
  • 5.7 Shifting operations
  • 5.8 Binary bit-wise operations
  • 5.9 Comparisons
  • 5.10 Boolean operations
  • 5.11 Expression lists
  • 5.12 Summary
• 6. Simple statements
  • 6.1 Expression statements
  • 6.2 Assert statements
  • 6.3 Assignment statements
  • 6.4 The pass statement
  • 6.5 The del statement
  • 6.6 The print statement
  • 6.7 The return statement
  • 6.8 The raise statement
  • 6.9 The break statement
  • 6.10 The continue statement
  • 6.11 The import statement
  • 6.12 The global statement
  • 6.13 The exec statement
• 7. Compound statements
  • 7.1 The if statement
  • 7.2 The while statement
  • 7.3 The for statement
  • 7.4 The try statement
  • 7.5 Function definitions
  • 7.6 Class definitions
• 8. Top-level components
  • 8.1 Complete Python programs
  • 8.2 File input
  • 8.3 Interactive input
  • 8.4 Expression input
• Index