Python Tutorial
Contents
Front Matter
1. Whetting Your Appetite
2. Using the Python Interpreter
2.1 Invoking the Interpreter
2.1.1 Argument Passing
2.1.2 Interactive Mode
2.2 The Interpreter and Its Environment
2.2.1 Error Handling
2.2.2 Executable Python Scripts
2.2.3 Source Code Encoding
2.2.4 The Interactive Startup File
3. An Informal Introduction to Python
3.1 Using Python as a Calculator
3.1.1 Numbers
3.1.2 Strings
3.1.3 Unicode Strings
3.1.4 Lists
3.2 First Steps Towards Programming
4. More Control Flow Tools
4.1 if Statements
4.2 for Statements
4.3 The range() Function
4.4 break and continue Statements, and else Clauses on Loops
4.5 pass Statements
4.6 Defining Functions
4.7 More on Defining Functions
4.7.1 Default Argument Values
4.7.2 Keyword Arguments
4.7.3 Arbitrary Argument Lists
4.7.4 Unpacking Argument Lists
4.7.5 Lambda Forms
4.7.6 Documentation Strings
5. Data Structures
5.1 More on Lists
5.1.1 Using Lists as Stacks
5.1.2 Using Lists as Queues
5.1.3 Functional Programming Tools
5.1.4 List Comprehensions
5.2 The del statement
5.3 Tuples and Sequences
5.4 Sets
5.5 Dictionaries
5.6 Looping Techniques
5.7 More on Conditions
5.8 Comparing Sequences and Other Types
6. Modules
6.1 More on Modules
6.1.1 The Module Search Path
6.1.2 ``Compiled'' Python files
6.2 Standard Modules
6.3 The dir() Function
6.4 Packages
6.4.1 Importing * From a Package
6.4.2 Intra-package References
6.4.3 Packages in Multiple Directories
7. Input and Output
7.1 Fancier Output Formatting
7.2 Reading and Writing Files
7.2.1 Methods of File Objects
7.2.2 The pickle Module
8. Errors and Exceptions
8.1 Syntax Errors
8.2 Exceptions
8.3 Handling Exceptions
8.4 Raising Exceptions
8.5 User-defined Exceptions
8.6 Defining Clean-up Actions
9. Classes
9.1 A Word About Terminology
9.2 Python Scopes and Name Spaces
9.3 A First Look at Classes
9.3.1 Class Definition Syntax
9.3.2 Class Objects
9.3.3 Instance Objects
9.3.4 Method Objects
9.4 Random Remarks
9.5 Inheritance
9.5.1 Multiple Inheritance
9.6 Private Variables
9.7 Odds and Ends
9.8 Exceptions Are Classes Too
9.9 Iterators
9.10 Generators
9.11 Generator Expressions
10. Brief Tour of the Standard Library
10.1 Operating System Interface
10.2 File Wildcards
10.3 Command Line Arguments
10.4 Error Output Redirection and Program Termination
10.5 String Pattern Matching
10.6 Mathematics
10.7 Internet Access
10.8 Dates and Times
10.9 Data Compression
10.10 Performance Measurement
10.11 Quality Control
10.12 Batteries Included
11. Brief Tour of the Standard Library - Part II
11.1 Output Formatting
11.2 Templating
11.3 Working with Binary Data Record Layouts
11.4 Multi-threading
11.5 Logging
11.6 Weak References
11.7 Tools for Working with Lists
11.8 Decimal Floating Point Arithmetic
12. What Now?
A. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution
A.1 Line Editing
A.2 History Substitution
A.3 Key Bindings
A.4 Commentary
B. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
B.1 Representation Error
C. History and License
C.1 History of the software
C.2 Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python
C.3 Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software
C.3.1 Mersenne Twister
C.3.2 Sockets
C.3.3 Floating point exception control
C.3.4 MD5 message digest algorithm
C.3.5 Asynchronous socket services
C.3.6 Cookie management
C.3.7 Profiling
C.3.8 Execution tracing
C.3.9 UUencode and UUdecode functions
C.3.10 XML Remote Procedure Calls
D. Glossary
Index
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Release 2.4c1, documentation updated on 18 November 2004.
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